Teenage Sleep Deprivation Impact

Teenage Sleep Deprivation Impact Dont you just hate it when youre in the middle of teaching your class to look over and see about half of your students heads down, drooling away during precious learning time? As a student Ive wondered what goes on in students minds that barely receive sleep. Sleep deprivation is a common problem for teenage students ranging from the ages of 13 to 19. Sleep deprivation is defined as a general lack of the necessary amount of sleep that a person needs. An average teen needs approximately 8 to 9 hours of sleep each night for the best academic and physical performance during school hours. Studies show that teens on and average are getting between 6.5 and 7.3 hours of sleep. Teenage students that choose to stay up late on school nights are usually the ones who end up falling asleep in class, and the result is missing an important lesson of the day. This is just one example of the problems a sleep-deprived student could face. This leads to my thesis that sleep deprivation is a serious problem in the teen-aged world, in terms of schools. Behavior problems, Understanding, memory, cognition (the process of thought), motor functions, Alertness are effects sleep deprived teens may undergo. The affects of sleep deprivation on a teenage body can affect the ability to function at school. Studies showed that Sleep deprivation can affect mood/behavior, learning, performance (physically), attention (being focused), and cause health issues.(Teens, Sleep and School).Too little sleep may cause exhaustion or fatigue (an overall feeling of deep tiredness or lack of energy) which can lead deprived student to have mood swings and behavioral problems, such as crying for no reason or losing their temper over small things. It is necessary for teens to get enough sleep on a daily bases in order to function properly during school. Students have to process information given to them by an instructor in order to learn. Lack of sleep may cause a teens mind to be distracted and not focused, causing their grades to decline. According to Dr.Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Teens with As on their report cards received an hour of more sleep each night and students who had Ds and Fs on their report cards only had two hours less sleep then the students with As.(The Importance of Sleep for Teens Essay | Student Essays Summary). It is very important to get enough sleep in order for a student to be successful academically and perform in class to the best of their ability. A sleepy persons brain works harder but accomplishes less. Sleep can be characterized as food for the brain. According to Jim Horne, PhD, director of the sleep research laboratory at Loughborough University in England, the part of the brain that overworks in the sleep-deprived people normally is one of the most active areas of the brain (Horne). Complex functions involved, verbal fluency, planning, paying attention, dealing with situations such as, group participations, activities, fights and group discussions. Jim Horne also includes, what seems to be happening is that the functional part of the brain appears to be working even harder during compensation because performance shows deterioration (Horne) a sleep-deprived person cannot perform physical and mental tasks as well as a person who is well rested. (Lack of Sleep Takes Toll on Brain Power) James B. Maas is a Professor in Psychology, Education and Communication at Cornell University. Dr. Maas is also one of the nations most sought after corporate speakers. He received his B.A. (Bachelor of Arts) from Williams College and his M.A. (Master of Arts) and Ph.D. from Weill Cornell Medical College. Dr. Maas researches on sleep and performance, as well as on leadership and critical thinking. (Maas) What good does it do to try to educate teen-agers so early in the morning? Dr. Maas asks. You can be giving the most stimulating, interesting lectures to sleep-deprived kids early in the morning or right after lunch, when theyre at their sleepiest, and the overwhelming drive to sleep replaces any chance of alertness, cognition, memory or understanding.(Maas) Dr. Maas supports later start times at school. According to Maas, teenagers face significant challenges in maintaining healthy sleep routines.(Maas) Dr. Maas took matters in to his own hands, He went out and spoke to school regarding how students can perform better if school start times started later in the morning. Deerfield Academy was one of the schools that Dr. Maas spoke at, a preparatory boarding school in Massachusetts which loved his idea of pushing schools start time back. In Sept. 2007, the school administration began to consider his idea of changing the school schedule. In Oct. 2007, the school voted to decide if it was reasonable. 61 to 27 voted in favor of the plan. The old start time of school 7:55 a.m. was now moved to 8:30 a.m. Mr. Warsaw a teacher who taught at Deerfield Academy stated that, Students of first-period classes are more vibrant and discussions now began at the opening bell instead of half-way through the class,(Warsaw).Deerfield Academy decided to mainta in the later start schedule. Delaying school start times is one solution for solving the problem for students who are unable to stay steadily awake in class due to sleep deprivation. (Sleep deprivation-Undermining Teen Health) Sleep deprivation can also affect you out of school. Sleep deprivation can have the same affect behind the wheel as drunk driving. By the time teens reach high school, most would be already driving during the junior and senior year. REM sleep plays roles linked to being drunk which leads to car accidents. Researchers in Australia and New Zealand found that people who drive after being awake for 17 to 19 hours performed worse than those with a (B.A.L.) blood alcohol level of 0.05 percent. There studies also show that 16 to 60 percent of road accidents involve sleep deprivation. In a survey taken by teens reported that more than half has operated a car drowsy. According to the National Highway Safety Traffic Administration more than 100,000 accidents, 40,000 injuries, and 1,500 people are killed in the U.S. every year due to crashes by drivers who are sleepy. A sleep-deprived teen can be characterized as drunken teen, results can also be fatal when driving drowsy. (Sleep deprivation as bad as alcohol impairment). In 2009 Braeshaun Jackson, 19, graduate from Laguna Creek High School was involved in a fatal car incident .He died in a wreck at the intersection of Whitlock Parkway and Shana Way due to driving sleepy.(Ruffin) According to M. Suzanne Stevens, MD (medical Doctor), Assistant Clinical Professor, from the University of Kansas, Sleep is controlled by neurotransmitters, which act on different neurons in the brain. Some, such as serotonin and norephine which keep the brain active while were awake. Adenosine (plays a role in promoting sleep) builds up in our blood while we are awake and breakdown of it causes drowsiness (Stevens). She also includes that there are five stages of sleep and REM (Rapid Eye Movement). During stages 1-4 of sleep, our brain waves become slower and slower until we switch to REM sleep. At that point, our breathing is more rapid and irregular and our eyes move rapidly under our eyelids (Stevens).REM sleep occurs when we are at a stage of being close to falling asleep, it can be characterized as skeletal muscle twitches or a feeling of low-voltage signals. Before you enter REM sleep a feeling of drowsiness occurs. Two characteristics that may be noticeable when REM sleep is taking place are the dilation of pupils and an increase respiratory rate. Sleep deprivation can also negatively impact physiology that is critical for athletic performance. Athletes can suffer from the loss of sleep/sleep deprivation. Impairments include athletes motor functions, and the inability to control all aspects of muscular movement fully. Examples include races such as sprints, as well as hurdles, which depend on a combination of power and striding over hurdles, or sports where the athletes must coordinate movements rapidly such as ball-sports. Another impairment that an athlete can be affected by is ones visual reaction time. Sports is mainly about reaction time and how one reacts to an object such as in the sport of baseball, where the batter has to be able to hit a 80-95 mph ball with success or in hockey where the goaltender has to be able to stop the fast moving puck from getting in the goal. Sleep deprivation also causes delays in an athletes auditory reaction, such as the reaction to a start of a pistol. Auditory reaction is how fast a person can respond by hearing or in sports were teammates are alerted by loud commands, an example would be the loud pistol to signal the start of a race with no delay in reaction time or when a conversation is going on were one out of the 3 person is slowest to respond. Glucose is compared as fuel for our body; it is the primary source of energy for the brain and also influences psychological processes. It is estimated that glucose metabolism will deteriorate in a period of seven to 10 days of limited sleep by as much as 30% to 40%. This condition will impair the ability of the body to properly store the glycogen necessary to provide the body with reserves to use during intense training or competition. (Sleep Deprivation and Sports Performance) Eve Van Cauter, Ph.D. from the University of Chicago Medical School, studied the effects of three different durations of sleep in 12 young men ages 17 to 22. For the first three nights of the study, the men slept eight hours per night; for the next six nights, they slept four hours per night; for the last seven nights, they slept 12 hours per night. Results showed that after four hours of sleep per night (the sleep deprivation period), they metabolized glucose least efficiently. Levels of cortisol (a stress hormone) were also higher during sleep deprivation periods, which have been linked to memory impairment, age-related insulin resistance, and impaired recovery in athletes.(Cauter) Eve Van Cauter also said that, after only one week of sleep restriction, young, healthy males had glucose levels that were no longer normal and showed a rapid deterioration of the bodys functions. (Cauter) This can reduce the body to have the ability to store glucose properly. His results showed that these young healthy males had glucose similar to those found in the elderly. The strongest opposing argument for sleep deprivation is that students should sleep less if its necessary to get more urgent things done such as an important assignment(s) due the next day or being that a final exam/test is going to be given. Stephanie, a high school graduate (2007) was asked, Should I stay up late studying and doing homework or rest?(Yahoo! Answers) on an online website. Questions were asked randomly by an unknown person(s) and opinions were given. Stephanies opinion was that he/she should stay up late, according to Stephanie you learn more before you sleep (Stephanie), she also includes that that was my technique (Stephanie). What she is saying is that, you can always get your sleep back but cannot re-do a failed exam/test/assignment because you decided to go to sleep a little early so the next day you wouldnt arrive to class sleepy. However without the proper amount of sleep trying to study or get work done is not a good idea, eventually youll fall asleep during c lass. This leaves you unprepared to do what is presented and take an F for the day. Sleeping in late will mentally impact you the next morning leaving you, drowsy, constantly yawing, and distracted because eventually youll try to think of ways to stay awake in class. The best suggestion is to study/do home work when your suppose to like student should and not just the night before. The second opposing argument is that some find it easier to sleep later at night and still would not be affected by the loss of sleep. According to a college student Ive always been a night owl.(student) A night owl is characterized as a person who says up late a night like an owl dose. She found it easier not to go to bed at all some nights than to get up early in the morning for class or work. She also includes that It was always easier to stay up late to finish (or start) my work than it was to get up early.(student) However staying up to late will take affect on your body when you least expect it, because your body needs to rest and rebuild for the next day. The third opposing argument is that since school starts early in the morning when students cannot mentally focus on studying, studying at night when drowsiness and missing sleep can be eliminated since the student is already mentally up. This gives them a better chance of being able to remember what was being studied the next day. However trying to cram all kinds of information in your brain in one night is not worth it because the next morning youll just forget. Trying to over work your body will make it even more tired the next day. With that being said students should get the regular amount of sleep each night so the next theyll have less of a hassle of dealing with miscommunications. Sleep deprivation is a serious problem in the teen-aged world. Teens get a bad record for staying up late at night, waking up late for school and falling asleep in class. It is necessary for teens to get enough sleep in order for them to function properly during school hours on a daily basis. The effects sleep deprivation on everybody in general can affect learning, performance (physically), attention (being focused), and cause health issues. By not getting the necessary amount of sleep can impair alertness, attention span, reaction time, awareness of the environment, concentration, Loss of motivation and fixating (stalling) on one thought. Some suggestions that can help prevent sleep deprivation is to, go to bed earlier each night, improve sleeping environment by keeping it dark, turning off the television and using relaxation techniques to help you fall asleep quickly.

Encourage Foreigners to Invest in Philippine Real Estate Market

Topic: Encourage Foreigners to Invest in Philippine Real Estate Market Real estate business is a very lucrative and capital intensive venture. It is not for just any one, but only for those who have financial capacity and willingness to buy real properties. Real property may come in the form of buy and sell, or merely renting and make money out of it. Known as one of the most vibrant real estate markets in Asia, the Philippines growing economy consistently sustained its growth despite the global economic recession. The country's real estate industry has been receiving positive remarks from various analysts across the globe.The reflection of its success, mainly rooted to the country's excellent financing services, good capitalization and pro-business climate drives every real estate investors to provide the best real estate solutions for needs of the market. The real estate industry has been increasing year on year and this is characterized by the dynamic growth and upsurge of condomi nium development across Metro Manila. This growth is fuelled by the increasing overseas Filipino workers remittances as well as new investors who take advantage of the benefits of the low interest rates in the housing market.The influx of condominium development across Metro Manila also validates the soaring demand for residential options, which is between renting an apartment and owning a home in the city. Various innovative unit designs and concepts are being offered in the market to suit current trends in housing and lifestyle preferences of today’s market. This increasing realtors’ confidence to Philippine real estate industry is brought by the improving economy, implementation of good governance among private and public sectors, and the reform inspired government of the new administration.Presently, the real estate market is banking on two major components: (1) remittances of overseas Filipino workers and (2) continuous growth demand by the expanding business proc ess outsourcing industry in the country. Aside from having an investment that never depreciate, investing in real estate in the Philippines would give foreigners additional investment portfolio in a much lower cost compared if they invest it in their own land. The cost of living in the Philippines is relatively lower compared to other nations, and therefore, foreigners can have more value for their money, which in turn increases their investment opportunities.That would be considered â€Å"hitting two birds with one stone†. The economic outlook on the Philippine real estate market is seen to be growing, and it will continue to grow in the next five to ten years brought by the ensuing business process outsourcing industry. BPO is becoming one of the primary sources of income of the young working population in the country today. Owning/Investing Options for Foreigners Any foreigner can lease, buy and own with 100% ownership rights on condominium units only.As far as the law is concerned, every piece of land of the Philippines is for the Filipino only. For investment purposes, foreigners may also lease or buy building offices for business purposes, like those being rented out to others. In as much as there are limitations being followed by foreigners when investing the Philippine real estate market, there are also ways on how they can easily own one. (1) Lease a property – foreigners can lease a property from short to long-term as long as both parties to contract mutually agree. Leased properties may be subleased to other tenants.This form of business operation may be considered as legal operation and foreigners can take advantage of. (2) Be married to a Philippine citizen – once a foreigner is married to a Philippine citizen, the rights to own a land becomes a conjugal. It may seem to be the fastest and least cost among other options. (3) Inherit the property from a deceased Philippine spouse – once married, but suddenly the Philippin e citizen spouse died. In this situation, the foreigner spouse together with the other surviving heirs; will be the immediate heir and owner of the property left behind. 4) Purchase land as Balikbayan – some Filipinos who have stayed abroad and eventually availed of another citizenship, may still buy and own properties. It is also possible to own property if the parents or relatives wanted to transfer their property ownership to a Balikbayan. (5) Buy condominium units – foreigners can buy condominium units, in the same way as a Philippine citizen acquires condominium unit. Some foreigners can also do trading of condominium units. They can do buy and sell business operation, wherein they will buy a barely finished unit, dress it up and fill with furnitures, and sell at a premium or lease it out. 6) Form a corporation – this option opens the opportunity for foreigners to invest in land, but, it is a must, that the corporation be composed of at least 60% Filipino a nd only 40% for foreigners. The majority stakeholder should still be Filipinos. After enumerating the ways on how foreigners can invest in the Philippine real estate market, it is imperative for them to know the basic information and obligations when investing in real property. First thing is the preparation for tax obligations. Non-resident foreigners who acquire property may be assessed with 5% – 32% of taxes, depending on the nature of the transaction.Another consideration is the documentary requirements necessary for the processing of transferring of ownership to a foreign national. There are documents that need to be authenticated by the Philippine Consulate from their country. Overview of the Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) The efforts of passing the REIT Law will open another medium for foreigners’ opportunity to invest in the Philippine real estate market. REIT is defined as a corporation engaged in business whose income will be generated from owning or man aging real estate.Through this REIT, the country will be given a better and bigger opportunity to join the global market of real estate investment markets, and foreigners can take their part in. Since it is not yet passed as law, the regulations, rules and limitations are still unknown. Another positive contributor to success of the real estate sector is the proliferation of establishment of special economic zones across the country. The government provides incentives to companies who patronize economic zones, and this attracts more foreign corporate clients and brings their business process outsourcing facilities here.

Chapter 12 Holt Ancient World History

Chapter 12 1. A) Justinian I was an emperor of the Byzantine Empire. He reformed the roman laws by rearranging them and putting them in order. The revised law code called Justinian’s Code. B) Theodora influenced the nika revolt because she stood strong and convinced her king to do the same. C) Justinian could have made his achievements by being more conscious of how much land his government could support when he was taking over the land to the west. 2. A) A mosaic is a piece of art comprised of small pieces of colored tile or glass. Mosaics were one of the most common types of Byzantine art.B) I believe that the iconoclasts responded the way they did to the human images because it seemed to them like the images were to close to the non-Christian worship of an idols. C) The split between the Orthodox and the Roman Catholic Church occurred because of their many differences the most important of which was who in the church had the most power. 3. A) Under the Macedonian dynasty th e Byzantine Empire enjoyed a 200 year golden age. B) The split between the aristocracies of city and countryside was a problem because it caused them to fight within their empire which weekend them to outside attack.C) The statement, â€Å"The Byzantines themselves, not the Turks, bear the greatest responsibility for the end of their empire,† is completely true. Section 2 1. A) The Slavs asked for help from the Rus to bring â€Å"Order† to their way of living and act as a kind of king. B) The accomplishments of Yaroslav the Wise are: fact that he became ruler of Kiev Rus, He hired scribes to translate religious books from Greek to Slavic, and under his rule the Russian law was codified, and he helped regain territory that had been lost.C) The physical geography may have affect the relationship between the Byzantine Empire and the Kievan Rus because since the where so close there seems as if there might be some territorial issues. 2. A) Cyril And Methodius converted Sla vs to Christianity. B) Vladimir I impacted Russian Christianity by converting then marrying the sister of the Byzantine Emperor. He also built libraries, schools, and churches. Then he made Christianity the state religion. C) I think Christianity spread more in he city then the country side because cities have more people which means it was probably more promoted. 3. A) Alexander Nevsky was known as a Russian hero. Not only did he defeat the Swedes and the Teutonic Knights, he also was the Mongols vessel. B) I think Invasions from the outside caused more damage to the Kievan State then Internal problems because they always seemed to be under attack. First, being attacked from the east, Then the north and then being invaded again by the Teutonic Knights.Section 3 . A) Alfred the Great was the kind of Wessex. He helped defeat the Danish Invaders and joined forces with Anglo-Saxon England. He also compiled a code of laws and promoted learning. B) The Franks converted to Christianity be cause their leader, Clovis, swore that if they won the battle be could become a Christian. The Franks won, and all his troops followed in Clovis’s footsteps. C) I think Western Europe broke apart probably because they didn’t have a unifying leader. Everyone in that age wanted power to themselves. . A) Patrick spread Christianity throughout Ireland without giving a care how he was treated. By the time he died he achieved making almost all of Ireland Christian. B) Gregory the Great was a Roman Catholic pope. His major achievement was restoring monastic discipline, and was zealous in propagating Christianity. C) I think Christendom affect medieval Europe in a small way. It was just another society that promoted Christianity and its customs. 3. A) Life for a Celtic Monk is quiet and reserved.They liked to be isolated from the rest of society because they felt as though it would keep them from being distracted from their faith. They like to fast and spend days at a time in solitary contemplation. B) Benedictines and Celtic monasteries were similar because they both where groups of monks who were very dedicated and focused on their religion. They were also both led by Abbots. They are different from each other because the Benedictines were open to the public about their religion and were not as brutal then the Celtics.Celtics often did intense fasts and like to be isolated and away from social activity. C) I think that the most significant thing that the Benedictines did was run schools that help educate and create the â€Å"Finest Minds† of the Middle Ages. This led to smart people copying important ancient manuscripts to help keep the knowledge of Greece and Rome alive. Without those manuscript, we probably would be reading this chapter and a big chunk of history would be undiscovered.

Effective Communication For An Organization Essay - 991 Words

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